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Integrating the Inquiry Approach in Science

Inquiry-based instruction requires a unique approach. As teachers develop an inquiry-based lesson, picking the right topic is crucial.
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Picking the Right Topic
Inquiry-based instruction requires a unique approach. As teachers develop an inquiry-based lesson, picking the right topic is crucial.
 
Topics like natural selection, the structure of a cell, or relativity may require years of research, equipment, or background knowledge and skills that students may not have. Other topics students may find interesting, but tie only very peripherally into state-based science standards. Tying an inquiry-based lesson to standards is a challenge that can be overcome by carefully matching the topic to the appropriate inquiry-based strategy.
 
Using Strategies that Work
Consider the following strategies when implementing the inquiry approach with your students.
 
Teach processes. Help students become aware of each phase of the process. All scientific study involves a design phase, an investigation phase, and a period devoted to constructing meaning from the data that has been collected. To teach students how to focus on these elements discreetly, conduct guided and independent practice with each element individually. Once students are comfortable with each phase, they can move toward integrating all three phases into the investigative process.
 
Students need support. Be aware of and correctly interpret student behaviors and comments. The inquiry approach can be frustrating for some students, particularly for those who are most comfortable following teacher directions without question. Most students will occasionally need a nudge or hint to point them in a productive direction. Students may make comments or demonstrate behaviors that demonstrate that they have "hit a wall," and need additional guidance and direction. Be prepared to provide assistance as students design hypotheses and experiments, conduct tests, and analyze data. Help students work as independently as possible, while being available to keep them moving in the right direction.
 
Model appropriate behavior. Establish, enforce, and model high standards for work, communication, and behavior. Giving control of the investigative process to students does not mean losing control of the classroom. Students must follow the management and safety expectations you establish. You must provide instruction about and also model effective use of time, collaboration with peers, and the safe and proper use of equipment.
 
Encourage collaboration. Help students learn to collaborate to solve problems. Working with and learning from others are integral parts of the scientific process. Students must work effectively with a group for inquiry-based instruction to be a success. Make your expectations for group work clear, and provide ongoing feedback based on your observations of student interactions.
 
Monitor your responses. Because most students are familiar with traditional instructional models, they are accustomed to asking a question and being told an answer. Inquiry-based instruction requires a different approach. If you give too many hints, provide too many answers, or ask too many leading questions during an inquiry exercise, student interest is stifled. Supply what students need to move forward with the investigative process, but don't ruin the process by letting students know what will happen before they have the opportunity to find out for themselves.
Read more about inquiry-based instruction in What is Inquiry?
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