Grade Level: 6-8
Concept: Understand the causes of seasonal change
Estimated Duration: 90 minutes
Objectives
Students will be able to:
-
evaluate data to determine changes in length of day
-
model the revolution of Earth around the sun to show changes in length of day and sun angle
-
illustrate how the sun angle affects the change of season
Materials
Flashlights
Globes
Handout of sunrise and sunset times in your location
Markers
Tracks
*White board (Optional)
Differentiation Strategies
These strategies are used to meet the varied needs of all learners:
-
Varying academic levels: uses mixed-ability groups allow students to learn from one another, uses small- and whole-group discussions to ensure all students participate
-
Visual learners: uses charts and illustrations to show how the length of day and the sun angle differs according to season.
-
Auditory learners: uses direct questioning and discussion to test and evaluate students’ ideas about length of day and sun angle
-
Kinesthetic learners: engages students in modeling the rotation of Earth around the sun
Key Vocabulary
Earth tilt
Revolution
Sun angle
Warm Up
Direct Instruction
-
Tell students that although the length of day has some influence on the change of season, the main reason for seasons is the change in the angle at which the sun hits the earth.
-
Display or draw on the board a diagram of the sun rays hitting Earth at a 90 degree angle and then a diagram of a ray hitting the earth at a 45 degree angle.
-
Explain that the ray hitting the earth disperses over a greater area, so that the same amount of energy is dispersed over a greater area and less heat is transferred to any given point.
Practice
-
Seasons Lab-Create mixed-ability groups of five students, grouping ELL students with English-proficient students.
-
Using a flashlight or lamp, a globe or ball, and a tack showing your location, model the change in sun angle and the length of the day during the year. Darken the room, have 4 students stand in a circle, while one holds a light source in the center of the circle, and have the students pass the globe around, maintaining the tilt of Earth.
Assessment
Closure
-
Tell students that people in different locations on Earth experience the seasons differently. Ask them to explain why in their science journals.
-
Cross-curricular extension: Pair up students and have them research the seasons and changes in the length of days and nights in different locations on Earth. Ask them to find myths, holidays, or customs that are associated with the change of seasons in that area and share their discoveries with the class.